Israel

Palestinian National Authority formerly called the Palestine Liberation Organization, since the agreement with Israel yielding administration to it of parts of the Occupied Territory resulting from the 1967 war. They are seeking an independent Palestinian state comprising all or most of that Occupied Territory, and some of them would also like it to include the rest of Israel as well. On the other side, many Israelis would like to keep the land as part of Israel. The trouble is that Palestinians already live there, and they can't figure out a way to get them to leave, and they don't want to extend full citizenship to them, because then Jews would be outnumbered in Israel. They are moving to some kind of agreement in which most of the land will become a Palestinian state, but whether they can agree on how much of that land will be included remains an open issue, and a potential source of continuing conflict and perhaps war in the Middle East.

Palestinian Liberation Organization — National liberation movement led by Yasser Arafat.

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine — Party advocating the destruction of Israel.

Azzam Publications — This is an outlet for Islamic Jihad, which promotes its view of Islam, Palestinian independence, and opposes Israel and Western influences in the Islamic World.

James Hudson Taylor, was a British Protestant Christian Missionary to China, and founder of the China Inland Mission who served there for 51 years, bringing over 800 missionaries to the country and directly resulting in 18,000 Chinese converts to Christianity by the time he died at age 73.

Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen, known to history as Marie Antoinette, was born an Archduchess of Austria, and later became Queen of France and Navarre. She was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa of Austria. She was married to Louis XVI of France at age 15, and was the mother of "lost dauphin" Louis XVII. Marie Antoinette is perhaps best remembered for her legendary (and, some modern historians say, exaggerated) excesses, and for her death: she was executed by guillotine at the height of the French Revolution in 1793, for the crime of treason.

Isaac Watts is recognized as the "Father of English Hymnody", as he was the first prolific and popular English hymnwriter, credited with some 750 hymns. Many of his hymns remain in active use today and have been translated into many languages.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical Era. His output of over 600 compositions includes works widely acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. Mozart is among the most enduringly popular of European composers and many of his works are part of the standard concert repertoire. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest composers of classical music.

Napoléon Bonaparte was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, Emperor of the French under the name Napoléon I from May 18, 1804 to April 6, 1814 , and was briefly restored as Emperor from March 20 to June 22, 1815. He was also King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine.

David Livingstonewas a Scottish Presbyterian pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in central Africa. He was the first European to see Victoria Falls, which he named. He is perhaps best remembered because of his meeting with Henry Morton Stanley, which gave rise to the popular quotation, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"

Adoniram Judson, Jr. was an American Baptist missionary who labored for almost forty years in Burma. His mission and work led to the formation of the first Baptist association in America, inspired many Americans to become or support missionaries, translated the Bible into Burmese, and established a number of Baptist churches in Burma. He is sometimes mistakenly referred to as the "first missionary to Burma", but he was actually preceded by James Chater and Richard Mardon who arrived in 1807. They were followed by Flex Carey. However, since those who came earlier did not remain very long, he is remembered as the first significant missionary there, as well as one of the group of the very first missionaries from America to travel overseas.

The Reverend Jonathan Goforth, was the first Canadian Presbyterian Missionary to China with the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, with his wife, Rosalind Goforth. Jonathan Goforth became the foremost missionary revivalist in early 20th century China and helped to establish revivalism as a major element in Protestant China missions.

Charlotte Digges "Lottie" Moon was a Southern Baptist Missionary to China with the American Southern Baptist Mission who spent nearly forty years (1873-1912) helping the Chinese. As a teacher and evangelist she laid a foundation for traditionally solid support for missions among Baptists in America.

William Carey was an English Protestant Missionary and Baptist minister, known as the "father of modern missions." Carey was one of the founders of the Baptist Missionary Society. As a missionary in Seramppore, India, he translated the Bible into Bengali,
Sanskrit, and numerous other languages and dialects.

Louis XVI ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791 and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. Suspended and arrested during the Insurrection of the 10th of August 1792, he was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of treason, and executed on January 21 1793. His execution signaled the end of the absolutist monarchy in France and would eventually bring about the rise of Napoleon I.

Although he was beloved at first, his indecisiveness and conservatism led the people to reject him and hate in him the perceived tyranny of the former kings of France. During the French Revolution, he was given the family name Capet (a reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the dynasty), and was called Louis Capet in an attempt to discredit his status as king. He was also informally nicknamed Louis le Dernier (Louis the Last), a derisive use of the traditional nicknaming of French kings.

Louis XIV ( ruled as King of France and of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death just prior to his seventy-seventh birthday. He acceded to the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his First Minister , Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661. The reign of Louis XIV, known as The Sun King or as Louis the Great (in French Louis le Grand, or simply Le Grand Monarque, "the Great Monarch") spanned seventy-two years, the longest reign of any major European monarch. Louis XIV increased the power and influence of France in Europe, fighting three major wars, the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg , and the War of the Spanish Succession, and two minor conflicts, the War of Devolution , and the War of the Reunions.

Age of Politics and Dictatorship

Though Stalin already died, there are still a lot of remembrances about him larger than existence characteristic; this barely shocking when we consider his opposing functions of an angel of brightness and prince of dimness. This said nothing about Stalin as a man in politics. For we are ready to stay on ground level and try to evaluate Stalin by examining the social and financial place from which he grew.
We cannot start to know Stalin without bringing in Lenin and the Bolsheviks who for many years formed a part of the Russian Social Democratic Party. Certainly, that organization of doctrine, eclecticism, opportunism,and self-contradictory thoughts which goes beneath the name of Stalinism is concentrated in a more accurate form of what was always unspoken in the theories ans strategy of Lenin and his Bolshevik Party. While Stalin in his self-styled role of Philosopher-Statesman wanted to expand and increase Leninism - the unsaid Marxism of the 20th century, though he never attempted to violate his master's patent on the
center of attention.
Stalin was a Bolshevik and not one of the slightest that Lenin led and stimulated. He formed with Lenin a critical link in a chain of political ideas whose first stage culminated in the 1917 Russian Revolution. Certainly Stalin was more adjusted to the logical and political atmosphere of the regimented and conspiratorial Bolshevik Party than ever Trotsky was, an actuality no distrust of essential importance in his effort for authority with the concluded. Leninism as a political belief was born out of the control philosophy and fundamentally dictatorial thoughts of the early Bolsheviks. Stalinism was unavoidable and catastrophic completiion. Yet when the Bolshevik Lenin first appeared on the Russian political scene he accepted the view of people like Plekhanov, which acknoledged the pupil he was. Lenin's first significant work, "The Development of Capitalism in Russia," was published in 1899, putting forward the view that Capitalism was increasing in Russia and nothing could stop it from continuing. This expansion he argued was progressive in relative to the existing semi-feudal nation of Russia. Whereas no one could fight this expansion he said, nonetheless workers should organize to fight its problems and steps should be taken to prepare for its concluding supercession.

The Biography of Artemisia Gentileschi

Artemisia was born in Rome on July 8, 1593. Artemisia was the first child of the painter, Orazio Gentileschi. Orazio was one of the greatest representatives of the school, Caravaggio. Artemisia started painting in her father's workshop. Artemisia was much more talented than her brothers that were working next to her. She learned drawing, how to mix colors, and how to paint. Since her father took the style of painting from Caravaggio during that time, her style was influenced from Caravaggio as well. However, her approach to subject was different from her father's.

North America

North America is a continent in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost fully in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast, connected to North America by the isthmus of Panama. It covers an area of about 24,490,000 km² (9,450,000 sq mi), or about 4.8% of the planet's surface. As of October 2006, its population was estimated at over 514,600,000. It is the third-largest continent in area, after Asia and Africa, and is fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Antartica

Antarctica is the southernmost continent and includes the South Pole. Geographic sources disagree as to whether it is surrounded by the Southern Ocean or the South Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean. It is divided by the Transantarctic Mountains. On average, it is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.[1] At 14.425 million km², Antarctica is the third-smallest continent after Europe and Australia; 98% of it is covered in ice. Because there is little precipitation, except at the coasts, the interior of the continent is technically the largest desert in the world. There are no permanent human residents and Antarctica has never had an indigenous population. Only cold-adapted plants and animals survive there, including penguins, fur seals, mosses, lichens, and many types of algae. The name "Antarctica" comes from the Greek ανταρκτικός (antarktikos), meaning "opposite the Arctic."

Asia

Asia is the largest and most populous continent or region, depending on the definition. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area, or 29.4% of its land area, and it contains more than 60% of the world's human population.Asia is traditionally defined as part of the landmass of Africa-Eurasia – with the western portion of the latter occupied by Europe – lying east of the Suez Canal, east of the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas.

Europe

Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. The term continent here refers to a cultural and political distinction rather than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europe's precise borders. Physically and geologically, Europe is a subcontinent or large peninsula, the westernmost part of Eurasia.
Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and – according to the traditional geographic definition – to the south-east by the waterways adjoining the Mediterranean to and including the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains (in Caucasia). Europe's eastern frontier is vague, but has traditionally been given as the divide of the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea to the south-east. The Urals are considered by most to be a geographical and tectonic landmark separating Asia from Europe.

The Charter of The Town of Meglacia

In the days of September 6, 1746, the town of Meglacia, there was a parade. The people celebrated because on this day, they got their town charter. Everyone went to the ceremony. They celebrated with games and other arts and, other activities. It was fun and was very creative.
The Lord is Sir Ben. He is a fair person and follows the laws he made. The tax collector is James Waltson. He is not mean and also fair. The town's ceremony had the people of the town, James Waltson, and Sir Ben.
The leading men spoke about the problems and what they were going to do with the town next. The leading men were nice, smart, and were very good leaders. The towns' people were very cooperative with the leading men. They worked hard to change the town and payed their taxes on time.
The town became a very nice place to stay for travelers. Sir Ben also supported them. They had a new and changed town. The leading men soon asked some volunteers to travel to places nearby and brang new things and others they had asked.
The town improved a lot and travelers brought new cultures and others to the town of Meglacia. The people were happy there and had a great community.

Asia

Asia is the largest and most populous continent or region, depending on the definition. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area, or 29.4% of its land area, and it contains more than 60% of the world's human population.

Australia is often referred as the Land Down Under because it lies on the opposite side of the earth from Europe and North America.
Australia is unusual in many different ways. It is the smallest and flattest continent. Australia is the driest inhabited continent.
Australia also has many exotic animals that are found nowhere else. Australia has many unique plants too.